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Objective:To investigate the distribution of the spherical aberration in age-related cataractous eyes using the Pentacam HR.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed in Shanxi Eye Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015.The preoperative corneal spherical aberration of 1 319 eyes of 1 319 patients with age-related cataract over 40-years-old was analyzed.The mean average keratometry (Km value), and corneal posterior surface Km corneal astigmatism, posterior corneal astigmatism, and corneal thickness were measured with.Pentacam, and the Zernike coefficients of corneal spherical aberration were calculated.A correlation between spherical aberration and corneal parameters was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis.The proportion of eyes qualifying for spherically neutral or negatively aspheric intraocular lens targeted residual spherical aberration level was evaluated.This study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanxi Eye Hospital and complied with Declaration of Helsinki.Results:The average age of all patients was (68.00±11.12) years old with an average spherical aberration (0.34±0.17)μm.The spherical aberration was lower than 0 μm in 22 eyes (1.67%), 0~0.4 μm in 842 eyes (63.84%), and greater than 0.4 μm in 455 eyes (34.50%). There was a weak positive correlation between spherical aberration and age ( r=0.398, P<0.001). There were very weak correlations between spherical aberration and corneal Km, posterior corneal surface Km, corneal thickness ( r=0.129, P<0.001; r=0.240, P<0.001; r=-0.068, P<0.05). No significant correlations were found between spherical aberration and corneal astigmatism or posterior corneal astigmatism ( r=-0.025, P=0.365; r=-0.008, P=0.771). Seven hundred and ten eyes (53.83%) could be qualified for implantation of negatively or neutrally aspheric intraocular lens based on postoperative targets of (0.10±0.05)μm residual spherical aberration. Conclusions:Corneal spherical aberration in Chinese patients is greater than that in other populations (+ 0.27 μm) in literature and shows individual differences.The appropriate aspheric intraocular lens should be selected according to individual corneal spherical aberration before cataract operation.
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Objective To evaluate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in remote ischemic preconditioning-induced reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods Sixty-eight healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 22-26 g,were divided into 4 groups (n =17 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ALI group,remote ischemic preconditioning group (group RIPC) and brusatol plus remote ischemic preconditioning group (group B+RIPC).Normal saline 100 μl was intratracheally instilled in group C.ALI was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS 5 mg/kg in group ALI.Mice in group RIPC were subjected to 6 cycles of 5-min ischemia followed by 5-min reperfusion in the right hindlimbs using a tourniquet,and 1 h later the model of ALI was established.Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol 2 mg/kg (in 100 μl of 1％ dimethyl sulfoxide) was intraperitoneally injected every other day for 10 days prior to establishment of the ALI model in group B.Brusatol 2 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every other day for 10 days prior to establishment of the ALI model,and remote ischemic preconditioning was performed at 1 h before establishment of the ALI model in group B+RIPC.Seven mice in each group were selected at 24 h after establishment of the ALI model,and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of protein concentrations and neutrophil count.Mice were then sacrificed and lungs were removed for determination of lung water content,myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity,contents of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),and expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in lung tissues (by Western blot) and for examination of pathological changes (with a light microscope).Results Compared with group C,the lung water content,MPO activity,contents of IL-1β and TNF-α,and neutrophil count and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly increased,and the expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and HMGB1 was up-regulated in group ALI (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group ALI,the lung water content,MPO activity,contents of IL-1β and TNF-α,and neutrophil count and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly decreased,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was up-regulated,and the expression of HMGB1 was down-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group RIPC.Compared with group RIPC,the lung water content,MPO activity,contents of IL-1β and TNF-α,and neutrophil count and protein concentrations in BALF were significantly increased,the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was down-regulated,and the expression of HMGB1 was up-regulated (P＜0.05),and the pathological changes were aggravated in group B+RIPC.Conclusion The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway is involved in remote ischemic preconditioning-induced reduction of LPS-induced ALI in mice.
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Objective To observe the results of broth dilution method and disc diffusion method to test the synergistic effect of Reduning and cefoperazone sodium / sulbactam sodium(SCF) on extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter bauman (XDR-AB) in vitro environment ,and compare their compliance to guide the clinical medication .Methods A total of 12 strains of XDR-AB from infec-tion patients in our hospital in 2015 were collected ,the strain was sub cultured .Firstly ,observe the minimum inhibitory concentra-tion (MIC) of SCF and Reduning on XDR-AB alone and in combination by broth dilution method .And then judge the synergy effects through calculation .Secondly ,the inhibition ring diameter and the synergy effects was detected using the disc diffusion meth-od .Results The MIC of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB was declined compared with them alone .The Fractional in-hibitory concentration of Reduning and SCF in combination on XDR-AB were equal or less than 0 .5 ,they had synergistic effect on XDR-AB .The inhibition ring diameter of Reduning was 10 mm tested by disk diffusion method .Different strains of XDR-AB on SCF bacteriostatic annulus diameter difference ,5 strains were 15 mm ,3 strains were 16 mm ,and 4 strains were 17 mm .Reduning and SCF appeared synergistic effect according to the inhibition ring diameter expanded when they effected on XDR -AB in combina-tion .Conclusion In vitro ,Reduning combined with SCF on XDR-AB has good synergistic effect .Compared with broth microdilution checkerboard dilution method ,disk diffusion method is more simple and convenient ,but it has a certain subjective on judging re-sults ,which is better to operate by experienced person .
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BACKGROUND: Chinese kidney-tonifying herb is commonly used in orthopedics department. However, individual effects of different ingredients remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe influence of effective ingredients of Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs on bone healing and hemorheology of rats with bone injury. METHODS: Rat model of fracture of shaft of the femur was established, and treated by intragastric administration separately with extractive rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids, epimedium total flavonoids, dodder total flavonoids, naringin, quercetin and hesperidin. Blood and bone samples were harvested after 21 days to detect the extent of bone healing and hemorheology indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The effective constituents of different Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs were beneficial to bone healing, and the effect of rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids and epimedium total flavonoids was better than the other drugs. Rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids and epimedium total flavonoids effectively inhibited blood viscosity under low shear, and reduced erythrocyte aggregation index and the aggregation and adhesion of platelet (P < 0.05), but it had no evident effects on erythrocyte deformation. This shows that the effective ingredient of the Chinese kidney-tonifying drugs can promote bone healing and exert certain effects on hemorheology. In particular, rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids exhibits the best effect.